Education: A Civil Right

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=50 BGCOLOR="#0000CC" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>Education: A Civil Right</B></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=165 BGCOLOR="#DDDDDD" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Education Presentation to the Los Altos "><U><B><IMG SRC="04e23200.gif" border=0 width="35" height="32" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B> </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#333366" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Education Presentation to the Los Altos "><U><B>Home</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="index_toc.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Education Presentation to the Los Altos "><U><B>Contents</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id29.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Historical Context"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c866333300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Historical Context</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id23.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="International Performance"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c866333300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">International Performance</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="National Performance"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c866333300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">National Performance</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="California Raises Standards"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c866333300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">California Raises Standards</B></U></A></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c866333300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Education: A Civil Right</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id96.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Resources"><U><B><IMG 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HREF="id94.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kelso EdData School Profile"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a066333300.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Kelso Ed-Data School Profile</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id65.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Cal Math Ed Information and Resources"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a066333300.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cal Math Ed Information and Resources</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id88.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="DataQuest"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a066333300.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">DataQuest</B></U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=430 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="536" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#0000BF" BORDERCOLORDARK="#0000BF" FRAME="HSIDES" RULES="NONE" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 44 WIDTH="71"><div> <A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Education: A Civil Right"><U><B><IMG SRC="01426160.gif" border=0 width="38" height="22" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="454"><div> <B>High Standards and Access to Rigorous Academic Classes Is Now a Civil Right</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>ACCESS TO RIGOROUS CLASSES AND HIGH STANDARDS IS NOW A CIVIL RIGHT</B></div> <bR> <div> Rigorous academic challenge and high standards are making a mark in California as more and more children raise their math SAT-9 percentiles.  The state fund awarding API money is being stretched thin by the extraordinary number of California children making academic gains.   </div> <bR> <div> These gains are occurring in other areas, and in December 2000,  the San Jose Mercury News reported on how <B>Mountain View High School has “opened” its Advanced Placement classes to any student interested in taking one.     </B></div> <bR> <div> Advanced Placement, usually called A.P., offers students the opportunity to take college level classes while they are still in high school.  After taking an A.P. class, a student can go on to take a nationally given A.P. exam.  A student gets college credit with a passing grade.  It is rare for a student to be able to take A.P. classes without having previously been in an “honors” track, and generally students in the honors track have had rigorous academic courses since elementary school.</div> <bR> <div> <B>A.P. preparation and opportunities greatly advantage students who take and pass the classes</B>.  High school students can earn college credit without paying college tuition. Since A.P. classes offer challenging academics, students who take them generally do well on college entrance exams.  </div> <bR> <div> Appreciating the academic difficulty in honors and A.P. classes, the University of California gives an extra grade point to students who take A.P. and honors classes, thereby giving students who take these classes an extra edge towards admission.  If an “A” given in a class is usually awarded 4 grade points, an “A” in an A.P. or honors class gets 5 grade points.  Since the University of California has accepted the top 12.5% of high school seniors, it is obvious that a <A HREF="id74.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="UC/CSU Eligibility Criteria "><U>student taking A.P. and honors courses has an edge</U></A> over students who have not taken them.</div> <bR> <div> Students at predominantly low income and minority populated Inglewood High School (in the Los Angeles area), believed that access to A.P. was more than just an edge.  They believed that<B> their civil rights were violated because they did not have access to equivalent A.P. opportunities </B>as students in high socioeconomic schools with scant minority populations.  <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ACLU Inglewood Lawsuit Press Release"><U>The ACLU brought an action</U></A> on their behalf against the State of California, the State Board of Education, the Inglewood School District and its superintendent.  <A HREF="id14.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ACLU Inglewood Lawsuit"><U>Their Complaint</U></A> compared the number of A.P. classes available at Inglewood and other minority populated schools to the number of A.P. classes available to students at high income, low minority schools.  The comparison was striking, and the state settled by recently passing state <A HREF="id85.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Senate Bill 1689"><U>Senate Bill 1689</U></A> which established the Advanced Placement Challenge Grant Program to create on-line A.P. courses for students like those at Inglewood.</div> <bR> <div> The students at Inglewood who demanded greater challenge and more accessibility to college prep courses were mirroring the view of the College Board's report on minority achievement in America.  This report, called “<A HREF="id79.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Reaching the Top"><U>Reaching the Top</U></A>” urged schools with low income and large minority populations to raise academic standards thereby challenging minority students.</div> <bR> <div> Chancellor Ray Ohrbach at U.C. Riverside had already taken this charge very seriously.  A1999  <A HREF="id37.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NY Times Class Of Prop 209"><U>New York Times Magazine article, entitled “The Class of Prop 209,”</U></A> featured his efforts in southern California where he is working to raise academic standards.  He regularly visited low income, minority schools where students rarely made it to college to “harp on his favorite subject: students must take Algebra in the eighth grade if they expected to be U.C. eligible” He presented a chart to low income, minority parents showing them the sequence of math classes their children needed to take beginning in elementary school in order for them to take pre-calculus in the twelfth grade so that they might be U.C. eligible. <B> “Your child’, he admonished, ‘should be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions by the sixth grade.”  </B></div> <bR> <div> The U.C. Riverside freshman class pictured in the New York Times Magazine article lreflects the diversity seen in Mountain View. [photo from New York Times article]   </div> <bR> <div> Over a decade ago, in 1987, the movie "<A HREF="id87.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Stand and Deliver"><U>Stand and Deliver</U></A>" brought fame to Jaime Escalante, a math teacher at low income, minority populated at Garfield High School in Los Angeles.  His students were so successful on the A.P. Calculus exam that the testing board made the students re-take the test. <B> Mr. Escalante unquestionably proved that minority and low income students could perform when faced with high expectations, even in the face of overt discrimination. </B></div> <bR> <div> Likewise, today low socio-economic elementary schools in Inglewood and elsewhere are proving that minority children succeed when they are offered strong classroom programs aligned to high California math standards.  <B>Children in the second and third grade at Kelso Elementary School in Inglewood score at the </B><A HREF="id95.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kelso EdData STAR Test Results"><U><B>80th and 85th percentiles on the math portion of the SAT-9</B></U></A><B>.  Kelso is about 44% African American and 53% Latino, and </B><A HREF="id94.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kelso EdData School Profile"><U><B>80% of the student population qualifies for partial or free lunch and about 56% come from families on A.F.D.C.</B></U></A>  Their SAT-9 math percentiles are higher than percentiles from many elementary schools that are populated with high socio-economic, middle class, non-minority children.  As more and more schools align their programs with state standards and use solid math programs paid for by the state, there are more and more success stories.   </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="66" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="California Raises Standards"><U><IMG SRC="04f110d0.gif" border=0 width="17" height="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="22"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="22" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id96.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Resources"><U><IMG SRC="050110d0.gif" border=0 width="17" height="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> .<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="id26_m.htm" TITLE="Education: A Civil Right"><U><B><IMG SRC="02eaa190.gif" border=0 width="170" height="25" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></FONT></div> </td> </tr></table></body>